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Glove prints, also sometimes described as gloveprints or glove marks, are latent, fingerprint-like impressions that are transferred to a surface or object by an individual who is wearing gloves. Many criminals often wear gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints, which makes the crime investigation more difficult. Although the gloves act as a protective covering for the wearer's prints, the gloves themselves can leave prints that are just as unique as human fingerprints, thus betraying the wearer. After collecting glove prints, law enforcement can then match them to gloves that they have collected as evidence as well as glove prints retrieved from other crime scenes.〔http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/3740688/Police-use-glove-prints-to-catch-criminals.html Police use glove prints to catch criminals〕 ==History== Since the advent of fingerprint detection, many criminals have resorted to the wearing of gloves during the commission of their crimes in order to avoid leaving their fingerprints as evidence. In the era prior to contemporary advances in forensic science, the simple act of covering the hands often assured criminal assailants their anonymity if no witnesses were present during their offenses; thus a pair of gloves became the most essential and crucial tool for any successful perpetrator. In earlier decades, investigators would dust for fingerprints only to find smears and smudges caused by gloves. Often in earlier decades these smudges were ignored because very little of their detail was retrievable. With the advent of latent fingerprint detection in the late 20th century, investigators started to collect, analyze, and record prints left at crime scenes that were created by the wearing of gloves. Glove prints can be as simple as marks caused by seams or folds in fabric of a glove, or they can be as complex as marks left behind by the grain or texture of the fabric of a glove. When gloves are collected as evidence their prints can be taken and compared to glove prints that were taken at crime scenes or from evidence.〔http://www.thisisderbyshire.co.uk/gloves-Liane-s-unique-technique-helps-finger-thieves/story-11638324-detail/story.html The gloves are off as Liane's unique technique helps to finger more thieves〕 Offenders who wear gloves tend to use their hands and fingers very freely, and thus, because their gloves give them a false sense of protection, leave easily distinguishable glove prints on the surfaces they handle. If when either a fingerprint is able to pass through a glove, or when, because of holes in a glove, finger and glove prints appear together, investigators are now able to better distinguish between prints made by friction ridges and prints made by gloves. Many times this also happens because criminals also opt to wear gloves that are both tight-fitting and relatively short, which makes the occurrence of prints being made by the butt of the palm and the wrist (palm prints) more common as the gloves may slip, thus exposing areas of the skin that may leave prints.〔Fisher, Barry A.J. Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation. Boca Raton, CRC Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8493-1691-X〕 Also, many times criminals would discard their gloves at crime scenes or hide them nearby. Today, latent fingerprints (first discovered on the surfaces of fabrics by investigators in the 1930s), as well as DNA and incriminating bacteria can also be recovered from the inside of these discarded gloves.〔http://www.csigizmos.com/products/latentdevelopment/gloves.html Visualization of latent fingerprints on used vinyl and latex gloves using Gellifters〕〔http://www.glovenation.com/nitrile-gloves/nitrile-gloves-fingerprints.htm Nitrile Gloves and the New Fingerprint〕〔http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/07/news/la-bx-science-bacteria7-2010apr07 A hand in crime investigation: Bacteria that live on the hand could one day accurately identify individuals〕 In many jurisdictions the act of wearing gloves itself while committing a crime can be prosecuted as an inchoate offense.〔James W.H. McCord and Sandra L. McCord, ''Criminal Law and Procedure for the paralegal: a systems approach'', ''supra'', p. 127.〕 By the 1950s, after over a half century of frustration due to the wearing of gloves by assailants, fingerprint experts began studies to determine how it may be feasible to detect and compare glove prints found at crime scenes.〔Svensson, Arne, and Otto Wendel. Crime Detection: Modern Methods of Criminal Investigation. Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishing Company. 1955. ASIN: B000J0034O〕 In 1971, the Metropolitan Police Service of London, England claims the first (or one of the very first) convictions based on glove print-evidence. Glove-prints were found on a broken window and were later matched to the gloves of a suspect.〔Buckley, William Frank. National Review Bulletin:=, Volume 23: Page B-87. New York, 1971〕 Starting in early 2009, law enforcement in Derbyshire, East Midlands, England began uploading hundreds of files of collected glove prints into their criminal database.〔http://www.digitalid.co.uk/industryNews/p_465/Glove-Print-Database-to-help-Police-in-their-fight-against-crime/ Glove Print Database to help Police in their fight against crime〕 The Glove Mark Working Group in Derbyshire includes the Derbyshire Police Department, the Home Office Scientific Development Branch, and Nottingham Trent University.〔http://www3.ntu.ac.uk/apps/staff_profiles/staff_directory/125555-2/26/Emma_Rixon.aspx Emma Rixon: Lecturer/Senior Lecturer〕 With the belief that individual offenders possess preferences for specific types of gloves (style and fabric/material), forensic scientists have also used glove print databases to create complex computations and charts that isolate, geographically, "hot spots" where prints taken from specific types of gloves are matched against similar types of crimes.〔http://lpr.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/1/47.full.pdf Forensic intelligence and crime analysis - Law, Probability and Risk〕 Forensic scientists have even had success matching partial glove prints by using these databases and related software.〔http://www.forensicmag.com/product-releases/2013/04/software-module-evaluation-traces#.Ux0f8M6V7Sg Software Module for Evaluation of Traces〕 Offenders may prefer a specific type of glove depending on its perceived inherent benefits. Latex, nitrile, plastic, rubber, or vinyl gloves are worn because they are thin and cling to the wearer's skin which in turn provides a level of dexterity to the wearer.〔http://www.glovemanufacturer.com/products/rubber-gloves Rubber Gloves〕 Leather gloves possess pores that provides the wearer with an enhanced gripping ability. Leather gloves that are thin and tight-fitting provide both enhanced gripping and dexterity to the wearer.〔http://www.makingrebeccalynne.com/2011/10/serial-killer-sewing-fmq-friday.html Serial Killer Sewing: FMQ Friday〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glove prints」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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